Auxiliary (toefl structure-2)

Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat Auxiliary Verb

Pengertian Auxiliary Verb

• Auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja yang muncul sebelum main/lexical verb (kata kerja utama) di dalam suatu kalimat untuk memodifikasi makna dari kata kerja utama tersebut.
• Tidak seperti kata kerja utama, helping atau auxiliary verb tidak mempunyai arti sendiri.
• Kata kerja pembantu ini terdiri dari primary (be, do, have) dan modal auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to). 

Kombinasi Auxiliary Verb
Sebuah kata kerja utama dapat dilengkapi sampai tiga auxiliary verb dimana terdiri dari modal dan satu atau dua primary auxiliary verb. Contoh kombinasi pada kata kerja ini dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.
Contoh Kombinasi Antar Auxiliary Verb:

• The children should have slept. (modal: should, primary: have; Present Perfect Tense)
• The book has been read. (primary: has, been; Passive-Present Perfect Tense)
• I have been driving for an hour. (primary: have, been; Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
• I will have been sleeping. (modal: will, primary: have, been; Future Perfect Continuous Tense)

Primary Auxiliary Verb
Primary Auxiliary Verb terdiri dari be, do, dan have. Ketiga kata kerja ini dapat pula berfungsi sebagai kata kerja utama.
Tabel Fungsi dan Contoh Be, Do, & Have
Fungsi dan contoh primary auxiliary verb be, do, dan have dalam kalimat dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Auxiliary Verb	Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Auxiliary Verb
Be (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been)	Auxiliary verb ”be” untuk membentuk present/past continuous/progressive tense. Kemudian dapat pula ditambahkan modal will untuk membentuk future continuous.	The maid is brushing the bathroom floor. (Present Continuous)
		They were roasting corns at this time last night. (Past Continuous)
		The party will be starting at this time tomorrow. (Future Continuous)
	Be bersama auxiliary have membentuk present/past perfect continuous/progressive tense. Dapat pula ditambahkan modal will untuk membentuk future perfect continuous.	The manager has been checking the documents. (Present Perfect Cont.)
		The cat will have been sleeping long. (Future Perfect Cont.)
	Be untuk membentuk passive voice	Your cake is being eaten by him. (Passive Present Cont.)
		The room was cleaned by my assistant last night. (Passive Past Tense)
Do (do, does, did)	Auxiliary verb “do” untuk memberikan penekanan pada kalimat indicative (normal) maupun imperative, dan adverb of frequency.	I do finish my homework.
		Do open the door.
		Tina seldom does wash her shoes by herself.
	Do untuk mengajukan pertanyaan (question tag[1], Yes-No[2], dan Wh-question[3]). Dapat pula digunakan untuk mengajukan clarifying question[4] (pertanyaan klarifikasi) berhubungan negative statement (pernyataan negatif) sebelumnya.	You do love me, don’t you?[1]
		Did you see him yesterday?[2]
		What does she want from you?[3]
		“Diana didn’t have much money.” “Then who did borrow me?”[4]
	Auxiliary verb ini bersama not untuk membentuk kalimat negatif	I do not like coffee.
		She didn’t come last night.
	Do untuk membuat short answer (jawaban pendek)	Yes, I do.
		Yes, she does.
	Auxiliary verb ini dipadukan dengan conjunction so dan neither untuk mengekspresikan similarity (persamaan) dan differences (perbedaan).	My brother loves sport and so do I.
		I don’t want to spend my money unwisely; neither does my friend.
Have (have, has, had)	Auxiliary verb “have” untuk membentuk perfect tense	Dira has studied in French since April. (Present Perfect)
		I had already had breakfast by the time he picked me up. (Past Perfect)
	Have dikombinasikan dengan modal untuk mengekspresikan possibility (kemungkinan) dimasa lalu.	He might have realized his mistakes.
		My father may have read this book.

References:

1. Helping and Modal Auxiliary Verbs. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/auxiliary.htm. Accessed on October 10, 2012.
2. Helping Verb. http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/helpverbterm.htm. Accessed on October 10, 2012.
3. Notes on “Do”. http://grammar.about.com/od/irregularverbs/a/Notes-On-Do.htm. Accessed on October 10, 2012.
4. Helping Verbs. http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-what_classification-helping.htm. Accessed on October 10, 2012.
5. The Auxiliary Verb. http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/auxiliaryverb.htm. Accessed on October 10, 2012.